Austria is full of music, mountains and memories
of its imperial past. There is magnificent scenery around every corner — vineyards,
ancient castles and abbeys overlooking the Danube River, wooded hills
rising out of lush farmlands, lakes dotted with sailboats and ringed
by soaring mountains, alpine peaks and their icy world of glaciers
reaching for the sky.
Austria has more castles and palaces open to visitors than any other comparable
area in Europe. Great museums and churches harbour the most significant art treasures
from many periods and styles.
One is surrounded by history and can trace events dating back to the Romans,
Charlemagne, Emperor Maximilian, the Turks, the Swedes in the Thirty Years' War,
Empress Maria Theresa, Napoleon, Emperor Franz Joseph and General Patton.
Hardly any other country is associated with the term "culture" as much
as Austria is. Although its former imperial power now belongs to the past, Austria
is still one of the world's leading cultural nations. The variety of cultural
manifestations all year round - from classical and contemporary music to theatre,
architecture and the fine arts - gives you a great variety of events to choose
from to give your holiday that cultural touch!
| Late 8th C. |
Charlemagne, King of the Franks, rules Austria |
| Early 10th C. |
Magyars overrun Austria |
| 955 |
Otto I of Germany defeats the Magyars and Austria comes under German rule |
| 962 |
Otto I crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire |
| 976 |
Otto I gives NE Austria to the Babenburg family |
| 1192 |
King Richard the Lion-hearted captured in Vienna on his return from the third Crusade |
| 1242 |
The last Babenburg duke dies without an heir King Ottokar of Bohemia gains control of Austria |
| 1278 |
Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf I of the Habsburgs defeats King Ottokar |
| 1282 |
Rudolf invests his two sons in the Duchies of Austria and Styria setting the foundation for 600 years of dynastic rule by the Habsburgs. |
| 1498 |
Vienna Boys Choir founded by Emperor Maximilian I |
| 1592 |
Ottoman army abandons the siege of Vienna |
| 1618 |
The Protestants in Bohemia revolt against the Catholic Habsburgs starting the 30 Years’ War |
| 1648 |
The Peace of Westphalia ends the 30 Years’ War making Catholicism the official religion of Austria |
| 1683 |
Ottoman army defeated and the siege of Vienna lifted |
| 1686 |
Austria takes Hungary from the Turks and annexe the country. Habsburgs to rule Hungary until 1918. |
| 1701-14 |
War of Spanish succession between Austria and France. Austria wins Belgium and Spain’s Italian lands |
| 1739 |
Austria signs the Treaty of Belgrade after losing the city to the Turks. |
| 1740 |
Maria Theresa becomes ruler of Austria, Hungary and Bohemia |
| 1756-63 |
The 7 Years War. France, Russia, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Spain against Britain, Prussian and Hanover. |
| 1762 |
The Mozart family move to Vienna from Salzburg |
| 1764 |
Archduke Jozef crowns himself Roman Catholic King |
| 1777 |
Opening of University library ,Vienna |
| 1778 |
The Faculty of Law established at University of Graz |
| 1782 |
University of Innsbruck changed to a lyceum with four departments |
| 1791 |
December 5 - Mozart dies in Vienna, aged 35 |
| 1795 |
Beethoven debuts as a pianist in Vienna |
| 1797 |
Composer Franz Schubert born in Lichtental |
| 1798 |
Piber Stud Farm begins breeding Lippizaner horses |
| 1815 |
Napoleon is defeated |
| 1867 |
Dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary established |
| 1914-18 |
Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated, starting the First World War |
| 1918 |
November 12 - Austria becomes a Republic. |
| Population: |
8,000,000 approx |
| National Capital: |
Vienna |
| Land Area: |
83,854 sq.km (32,376 sq.miles). |
| Major Cities: |
Vienna, Graz, Linz, Salzburg, Innsbruck. |
German is spoken as a first language by 99% of the Austrian population.
English is by far the leading second language in the education system
and is, consequently, understood widely and spoken fluently by most
people working in tourism-related jobs.
Austrian
Banking & Business Hours
In the cities, banks are open generally from 8am to 12.30pm and 1.30pm
to 3pm Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday; 8am to 12.30pm and 1.30pm
to 5.30pm Thursday. Banks are closed Saturday and Sunday.
Exchange offices at airports and major city rail terminals are open 7
days from 8am to 8pm (in Vienna to 10pm) and in resort areas a few hours
each day, 7 days a week.
Shops generally open at 8am or 9am and close at 6pm, many with a two
hour lunch break, Monday through Friday. In large cities, some stores
open
until 7pm or later. Some supermarkets open until 7pm. On Saturdays, most
shops open until 5pm.
Rail is the main mode of intercity overland transport in Austria. Comfortable
trains offer frequent service on 5,940 km of rail track. Most trains
(except some local and branch line trains) carry first and second classes.
The approx. 50% premium for first class travel buys softer upholstery
and more space. There is a fee for first and second class seat reservations.
Seven intercity lines depart every 2 hours in the following directions:
| 1 |
Vienna - Salzburg - Innsbruck - Bregenz (via Kufstein)
& return. |
| 2 |
Vienna - Salzburg - Innsbruck. (via Zell am See) & return. |
| 3 |
Vienna - Graz & return. |
| 4 |
Vienna - Villach & return. |
| 5 |
Bruck/Mur - Villach & return. |
| 6 |
Graz - Linz & return. |
| 7 |
Graz - Bischofshofen - Innsbruck & return |
In addition, frequent Eurocity trains with fewer stops en route offer
comfortable and very fast service between Austria and many European countries.
Travelling
Times on Intercity Trains
| Vienna - Salzburg: |
3 hours, 20 mins |
| Salzburg - Innsbruck: |
2 hours |
| Innsburck - Bregenz: |
2 hours, 45 mins |
| Vienna - Graz: |
2 hours, 25 mins |
| Vienna - Villach: |
4 hours, 40 mins |
| Graz - Linz: |
3 hours, 28 mins |
| Graz - Innsbruck: |
6 hours |
The Austrian Rail Pass is valid for 15 days from date of purchase and
can be used on 3-8 days of your choice within that period on all Austrian
Federal Railways, state and private rail lines. It is also valid for
50% rate reduction when renting a bicycle from a railway station.
At the latitude of 47° North, the climate is moderate and generally
agreeable. Summer days can be hot, occasionally reaching above 32°,
summer evenings are usaully cool. Precipitation is quite evenly distributed
over the entire year, but May, September and the first half of October
tend to be the driest, April and November the wettest periods. From
June through August, rain usually comes in the form of thunderstoms
(a word of caution for the hikers and mountain climbers: above 6,500
feet, storms may entail heavy snowfalls even in summer). The winter
snow cover lasts from late December through March in the valleys, from
November through May at about 6,000 feet, and becomes permanent above
8,500 feet.
| New Year's Day |
January 1 |
| Epiphany |
January 6 |
| Easter Monday |
17 Mar |
| Labour Day |
May 1 |
| Ascension Day |
May 5 |
| Whit Monday |
May 16 |
| Corpus Christi |
May 26 |
| Assumption of the Virgin |
August 15 |
| National Holiday |
October 26 |
| All Saints' Day |
November 1 |
| Immaculate Conception |
December 8 |
| Christmas Day |
December 25 |
| St. Stephen's Day |
December 26 |
Restaurant and hotel bills already include a service charge. Leave a
small amount in change for the waiter or the maid. At first class places,
tip 10% extra for particularly good service. Taxi drivers get 10% of
the meter reading or the agreed fare as a tip. Railway station and airport
porters get approx. EUR 1.00 per piece of luggage plus a EUR 0.50 tip.
Hotel porters expect similar consideration. Hairdressers generally receive
10% of the bill as a tip. Tip hat-check ladies and toilet attendants
about EUR 0.50.
Postage stamps are sold at post offices, tobacco shops and hotel desks.
Post offices are generally open from 8am to 12 noon and from 2pm to 6pm,
Monday to Friday. General post offices in large cities are open 24 hours
a day, 7 days a week.
Austrian
Telephone Service
It may be worth your while to buy a Telefon-Wertkarte for EUR 10, 15
or 35 at a post office and make your calls from a card-operated pay phone,
because most hotels apply high surcharges for phone calls from their
rooms. Calls are cheapest between 8pm and 6am.
Important
Telephone Numbers
| Austria Country Code: |
43 |
| Australia Country Code: |
61 |
| Ambulance: |
144 |
| Fire department: |
122 |
| Police: |
133 |
Electric current in Austrian is 220 volts AC at 50 cycles/sec. To operate
small appliances, you will need an adapter-converter. Electric clocks,
record players and tape recorders will not operate properly even using
a converter.
Residents of non-EU countries purchasing goods in excess of EUR 75 in
one shop on one day can apply for a refund of the Value Added Tax paid,
if they export the goods within 3 months from the end of the month of
purchase, Ask the shop staff to complete the required tax-free cheque.
Present this cheque together with the goods purchased at the airport
or the border crossing to customs officials when leaving the European
Union for validation Once the tax-free cheque is validated, the VAT-refund,
less a handling fee, can be obtained at many cash refund desks located
at airports or major border crossings. Alternatively, you can send in
the form for mail refund using the tax-free envelope. Be aware that customes
validation can only be obtained when leaving the last EU-country on your
trip. Inform yourself about customs validation procedures on trains before
departure. We advice you to send purchases with your registered luggage.
In such cases you can obtain validation at the point of departure. There
is no VAT refund on services.